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Chances are you hear the phrase bitcoin mining and your mind begins to wander to the Western fantasy of pickaxes, soil, and striking it rich. As it turns out, that analogy isnt too far off.
Far less glamorous but equally uncertain, bitcoin mining is performed by high-definition computers that solve complex computational science issues (read: so complicated they cannot be solved by hand). The fortune and work required by a computer to solve one of those problems is that the equivalent of a miner striking gold in the ground while digging in a sandbox.
The end result of bitcoin mining is twofold. To begin with, when computers solve these intricate mathematics problems on the bitcoin network, they create new bitcoin, not unlike when a mining operation extracts gold in the ground. And second, by solving computational math issues, bitcoin miners make the bitcoin payment network dependable and secure, by verifying its transaction information. .
Theres a fantastic chance all of that only made so much sense. In order to explain how bitcoin mining works in detail, lets begin with a procedure thats just a little bit closer to home: the regulation of printed currency.
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Consumers tend to anticipate printed currencies, at least in the United States. Feeling because the U.S. dollar is backed with a central bank called the Federal Reserve. In addition to a bunch of other responsibilities, the Federal Reserve modulates the production of new money and prosecutes the usage of copyright currency. .
Even digital payments using the U.S. dollar are backed with a central authority. When you make an online purchase using your debit card or credit card, for example, that transaction is processed by a payment processing company such as Mastercard or Visa. In addition to recording your transaction history, those companies verify that transactions are not fraudulent, which is one reason that your credit or debit card could be suspended while traveling. .
Bitcoin, on the other hand, is not regulated by a central authority. Instead, bitcoin is endorsed by millions of servers across the world called miners. This network of computers performs the identical function Website as the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, but with a few key differences. Like the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, bitcoin miners record transactions and assess their accuracy.
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When someone makes a purchase or purchase using bitcoin, we call a transaction. Transactions generated in-store and online are documented by banks, point-of-sale systems, and physical receipts. Bitcoin miners achieve the same effect with no institutions by clumping transactions together in cubes and adding them into a public document called the blockchain. .
When bitcoin miners put in a new block of transactions to the blockchain, a part of the job is to make sure that those transactions are accurate. (More on the magic of how this happens in a second) In particular, bitcoin miners be sure bitcoin are not being duplicated, a unique quirk of electronic currencies called double-spending.
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Once you spend $20 at the store, that invoice is in the clerks handson. With digital currency, click over here now however, it's a different story. .
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When the numbers were identical, the clerk would know the money had been duplicated. This analogy is very similar to what a bitcoin miner does when they verify new transactions. .
With as many as 600,000 purchases and sales occurring in a single day, however, verifying every one of those transactions can be a lot of work for miners, which gets at one other crucial difference between bitcoin miners and the Federal Reserve, Mastercard, or Visa. As compensation for their efforts, miners are awarded bitcoin whenever they add a new block of transactions to the blockchain.
In 2009, it had been 50. In 2013, it had been 25, in the time of writing it is 12.5, and sometime in the center of 2020 it will halve to 6.25. .
At this rate of halving, the entire number of bitcoin in circulation will approach a limit of 21 million, making the currency more scarce and precious over time but also more costly for miners to produce.
Here's the catch. In order for bitcoin miners to really earn bitcoin from verifying transactions, two things have to occur. To begin with, they must confirm 1 megabyte (MB) value of transactions, which can theoretically be as small as 1 transaction but are more often several thousand, depending on how much information each transaction stores.